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,҇W縯оĬF(xin)

l(f)rg:2020-06-04 Դ: ӛȫ c

corruptionһNȫԵF(xin)g(qun)A(ch)K(jng)l(f)չӰ푱鼰ĸI(lng)ЇĬF(xin)rصƄӽ(jng)l(f)չŬ̼̓ٷsġĭ(jng)ŤЈͮa(chn)(qun)ƶȣ·䲻cC
gҵwϵI(lng)͛Qߵw׃Լc(qun)
L͵ˮƽl(f)YԴMәCƵ׃ΣgMĻΰl(f)չo[1]}҇F(xin)AҪQش}

ĸ_ԁP(gun)TķeOcʹ֧(ni)W猦ڸоSW߂քeĸԵČWg(sh)l(f)òͬķͷʽо}l(f)˴ՓȡĿǰW猦оF(xin)MЌCȫ濂Y(ji)Ĺδչ_ӳ@YҲ܅TڬF(xin)܉ṩоĻA(ch)Y_F(xin)AεоrcˮƽоᘌоȺȣĿǰоF(xin)ĻA(ch)ռ(ni)W猦ооɹϵy(tng)Y(ji)оc^оĴچ}ͳɞMһоҪ΄(w)

ԇ(ni)ҪWڿϰl(f)ČWg(sh)ՓĞ錦ͨ^оx}оо;Ľy(tng)ӋЇW磨WՓČWߣĸоF(xin)MЌCᘌĶx팦M^cCڞĸоṩA(ch)YϣƄӸоĿvl(f)չ

1о˼·

1.1оx

Wg(sh)озоF(xin)ķܶоɹ^ЧһNڷӳоɹՓĔ(sh)޴оɹMзDzܵġxWg(sh)ՓоҪǻŽc1Wg(sh)ՓĚvJܷӳWg(sh)ɹоʽҲwF(xin)оߵČWg(sh)ˮƽ
2cоɹʽWg(sh)Փڄ(chung)·Ҫ^rЧ^ܷӳWоF(xin)
3SӈD^ڿ(sh)(j)ijF(xin)Wg(sh)Փĵռ^֮ʽӱ

Ŀǰ҇WČWg(sh)ՓҪЇWkġЇs־WԺϵy(tng)͸ߵԺУϵy(tng)ČWƌWԺϵy(tng)ČWg(sh)ڿ(j)(ni)WձJɳ̶Ⱥ˴ӡYϵD(zhun)dа񣬱x199720037°l(f)ڡЇΌWоWԺW󡷵ȇ(ni)ҪWg(sh)ڿ148ƪՓMзy(tng)ӋՓĵľwֲǣΌWо8ƪЇ12ƪWԺW7ƪWԺW6ƪҕҰ4ƪWԺW3ƪV|WԺW9ƪ˴ӡYD(zhun)dWՓcĸWg(sh)ڿϵ99ƪWg(sh)Փġ

1.2оx}ķ

о(ni)ݱ^_ҪĶxΣ팦ߵȵȡĸ(j)(ni)WߵоɹоI(lng)֞飺Փо
Їķ`
WTOcЇķ
I(y)I(lng)ķ
c}P(gun)ϵ
Һ͵؅^(q)Ľ(jng)иՓcоք֞飺P(gun)Ľ綨
}о
ij
Ӱ푣
ĬF(xin)
팦ߣ
h(hun)(ji)ľC
ЇŴcՓc`
ЇI(lng)˵ķ˼9ͨ^y(tng)ӋČwоx}׃wֲr

1.3оо;ķ

ĿwρfоһͬӴκͷľCwϵ@һwϵа(ni)ݣĸ֮gҲoܵă(ni)“(lin)ϵͨvоķwϵɷ֞ͬIJֻ?q)ӴΣՓоʽwg(sh)Փ漰Ҫо^̵߉݋о܌WA(ch)cоʽ֮gP(gun)ϵȞͬķՓ^cHӰоߌо}xͬrֱӰоʽx֌CxՓоߣͨ{(dio)ооԼīIоķʽ͹F(xin)оҎ(gu)ԡ_^xՓоߣt(jng)زÌоͶԵīIоʽ͹F(xin)о^̵ԡ^о˼·Ͳϸهоߵ^w͸ϸоߵąc͌龰ķ[2]wg(sh)ָYϵռֶλ򹤾

оָڶķоʽָоȡľwʽw؞оȫ^̵ijͲʽоҪֶκͲE[3]Čоʽ֞{(dio)оооīIоķN{(dio)оĻҪذy(tng)ӋP(gun)P(gun)ϵ
оĘ(gu)ҪذٿvcơMƽMǰyy̼P(gun)ϵ
оc^оߵĽɫͶՓ{(dio)о͌оڶооtڶо(j)о|(zh)īIоҲԷ֞鶨оͶоcx}PҲоʽȵ׃Mп

оWg(sh)ďsWߌa(chn)ĸԴΣߵȆ}˸Բͬ^c帯оČWg(sh)ͨ^@ЩՓıF(xin)ČWо;y(tng)Ӌо;wWΌW(jng)WĻWWʷWȶWƽǶ

2 P(gun)ڸоF(xin)ČC

2.1оx}ķ

ı1Ľy(tng)ӋρĿǰx}ҪڸՓо@һeϣЌW̽ӑĆ}Ǹl(f)ԭ͌о@ɂ}ՓĔ(sh)ռՓĿ(sh)ļs54h(hun)(ji)ľCՓ漰оI(lng)eքeֻռw610ͬr̽ӑ}оĬF(xin)ͬF(xin)Ӱ푵ՓĺӋռՓĿ(sh)5ռՓо@һe8@һ淴ӳˌWߌڸF(xin)P(gun)עՓҳQ֮һҲӳˌWڸо^жעؑ(yng)ȻоČHrȱҪķ͹Ӌ

1F(xin)оՓĵx}y(tng)Ӌ()

WTOcЇķ@һe3ƪMՓҪ̽ӑWTOQ(mo)Ҏ(gu)tȌЇƼsоҕDZ^MխȱqCЇĬF(xin)l(f)չr@eЇĸĸ﷽򼰷ƶ׃wa(chn)HӰҪӴεھc

̽ӑI(y)I(lng)ĸԼ^췴ՓھwI(lng)Ќ\ҲֻռՓĿ(sh)6ҡ@Ҳӳǰĸо˶Փ̽ӑOP(gun)עՓڌ`еá

ЇŴ˼ԼҪI(lng)˵ķ˼MКw{Փ@ՓĺӋռ(sh)1ҡ@16ƪmȻѽ(jng)漰ŴҪ˼ҺЇI(lng)ȱՓwϵ}P(gun)ϵҲWߵע@Ҳռ˿w6ķ•ߝqrоc}P(gun)ϵrҲnjW߱挦ĬF(xin)}֮һ

2.2оʽо;ķy(tng)Ӌ

ı2пԿĿǰ҇WĸоwF(xin)cһоYϵī@ȡʽϣīIռ(j)^wλ@һՓĎ׺ռy(tng)Ӌ(sh)ȫ{(dio)鷨򞷨оȷՓĄt]СڷīIоеĶֻռ8.612ƪǶtռ^(yu)_91.4127ƪīIоʽĶԡɷN(gu)ɮǰоҪо

2оՓĵо

 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Ӌ

{(dio)о 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

򞷨 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

о 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

īI 2 2 1 1 3 2 1 12

о Ƕ 19 10 22 20 19 27 10 127

Ӌ(sh) 21 12 23 22 22 29 11 139

Ľy(tng)ӋĘӱöīIоҲnjٷy(tng)ӋYϵķ͌C(gu)cԭʼ(sh)(j)Ķηͨ^H{(dio)ÁһYϺ@ҲӳCоYѼһЩy

о;оϸw(sh)Wıзӳڅǣо;uĂy(tng)ΌWʷWW(jng)WWW;CϵĽǶ^(jng)Wɞ鮔ǰʹоʽ@ԏĽy(tng)Ӌ(sh)ϿWͽ(jng)Wо;ռ˽y(tng)Ӌ(sh)32ϾCϵ26Hռ˽60ΌWWʷWǶȁՓՓăHռ(sh)32WǶȥоՓՓĘӱgҲռஔ?sh)IJ֣?3ңҪ̽ӑɫλšܵȆ}оČW߅څҲ@WWW;ȥUጸČWҲքeռ˿(sh)264

3о;ķy(tng)Ӌ

; 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Ӌ

W 4 1 2 3 2 6 1 19

W 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 3

(jng)W 4 4 1 2 5 8 1 25

ΌW 2 2 11 5 3 0 1 24

ĻW 1 0 2 2 2 1 1 9

W 1 0 2 1 1 0 1 8

W 2 1 0 1 1 2 1 8

ʷW 1 0 2 0 2 5 2 12

3 ЇW猦о^cC

(c̎xһ)

3.1P(gun)ڸĶx

ĶxSWߵČWg(sh)оǶȵIJͬڸI(y)綨ɂͬĸ

(jng)W߬F(xin)AζAڏČĽǶȷָͨзa(chn)Ե׷(jng)ĻӣǾSoȵý(jng)?q)ȵMٷķa(chn)Ի[4]ڽ(jng)˶^͵VTɱ@ȡ^ߵ߳~@NӌǷa(chn)ԵֱنT\Լе(qun)\ȡ˽˽(jng)[5]Փ硰Խ(jng)oˡO(sh)Փί-ՓҲǽ(jng)WоҪʽ

ΌWDĂy(tng)Ĺ(qun)c˽ĽQǶȁxJ^ָҹšˆTEù(qun)\ȡ˽О飬䌍|(zh)ԙ(qun)\˽(qun)ǸĺĆ}[6]еČWJΌWĽǶv԰Ѹx鹫(qun)wš(qun)`Ҏ(gu)ͨ^NҎ(gu)ֶ\ȡ˽ˡСF棩ОͬF(xin)wǹ(qun)w
F(xin)`ͱ(qun)Ҏ(gu)Ҏ(gu)t
\ȡ?sh)˽[6]

P(gun)עČWОšˆTšػߞEš(qun)
κˣšˆT܌¹šˆTšػEš(qun)£
κˣšˆTГpڹ(w)cTpVTʧšȷVеһ
šˆTǰšˆTʧڹ
߹šˆTǰ(w)ˆTEڈ(zh)й(w)rõϢY[7]

еČW߿ˏāʿԁP(gun)ڸĶxNģʽԹš(w)ġЈԹĵģʽM˷JNģʽcͬйͬҪcwنTʽǞEù(qun)Ŀ\ȡ˽[8]

eЇW^дԵһЩx@ЩͬĶxֲڌW߱оIJͬr˸оY(ji)IJe

3.2 ķ

ژ˜ʲͬķַҲͬD(zhun)Їθͺͳ̶MпƌWĄֺ͜y҂?ni)JRͰD(zhun)θ׃څ[9]

4ЇD(zhun)θ̈́

(j) w

Оw|(zh)͔(sh) w Ⱥw

ОwČӼֲ Ӹ ЌӸ ߌӸ

ОĶl(f)I(lng)T (jng)I(lng) κ I(lng)

ОĄәC Ը ˽͸ Ը

ОƶԳ y(tng)͸ ^͸ F(xin)͸

pr ͸ ͸

О p΢ һ㸯

˂ڸО̶̳ ɫ ɫ ɫ

@Nַʽă(yu)cǣڲͬ˜ʄֵĸͱ^ȫԔܻwF(xin)AεĸО顣}ڣ1ijЩָĘ˜ʱ^ģ]пɲĶx猦ڸֵɷNʽȱĘ˜
2]иwĿrijЩ͵ĄкλͽăA

3.3ij

vʷWҺͽI(lng)˶vʷԭ؁Ѹԭwڷ⽨̈́Af^LˌࡢΨHͷ⽨ڷ^J@ҲȺwγɵĚvʷcJRՓԴЈ(jng)Ľ_Ŵ󳱵ě_Yx˼ݽx혷xxȵRӿg˲نTTl(f)丯О

н(jng)Wy(tng)ӋWՓČWa(chn)(jng)h(hun)J齛(jng)wƏӋ(jng)Ј(jng)D(zhun)͌¸еČWЈĸA⼰Ⱶ^cJ錤cЈ^ȸAoP(gun)ġ]^ȸA]@һAṩŔλo[10]@ҪǽbČՓxՓƶxһЩ

WҶٝͬ͢Dġ׃еU^cJF(xin)^̌¸F(xin)ƒrֵc^.cy(tng)^ͬڂy(tng)±JȻ飬µĭh(hun)„tS⽨ļȡ@ʹøµĚvʷl´
F(xin)_һЩµؔԴȪ͙(qun)ʹdĽ(jng)ԇDҵ䑪(yng)еλĶTl(f)γ
ٴF(xin)^͹@šɹI(lng)򼰿ɿƵYԴȂy(tng)ÛĶĸṩ˿[11]

ΌWJ鹫(qun)ʧǸĸԴ齛(jng)Дǣ(qun)иڅ^ę(qun)^،¸ڡ(qun)ʧՓǹنTEÙ(qun).`(qun)ʹҎ(gu)tО[12](qun)cYԴһҲJrֵһنTֱƿع(qun)njHϵę(qun)YԴ.˻نTġ(jng)ˡO(sh)пܲȡОҲܞõijЩ~ĺ̎MСVϛ](yng)ę(qun)Ƽs؞ԼĸОГ(yng)؟Σ˸(ni)[13]

еČWJcP(gun)ϵ⌧¸SЈ(jng)IJl(f)չIJMһxϵЇѽ(jng)r߀hh򏊴߀δɞ錦(yng)ڇҵһwڬF(xin)AδڲҷEDZȻ鹫oОMЏıO(jin)ĻՓ߈ԳָĻՓJijЩrֵʧ¸ĻvʷTԭͬLTОҎ(gu)F(xin)ͬ@ЩǸ̶ȼNͬԭһNՓ{(dio)JЇ|؅^(q)Ăy(tng)ĻmȻĻQՓጸķʮЧĻױEÞ鸯Ľڡ

WҺW߃AڏنT½ጸ@ĂȰˌҲ˞׷XȸNܶɌԼҪڵԸʉ
y(tng)rֵ^ܵՓϵкЈ(jng)󳱵ě_ǰΣCcF(xin)Ј(jng)m(yng)Ărֵwϵδι̵ؘY(ji)dzF(xin)˃rֵʧ¼sľF(xin)ô˙CE¸Փm÷܏VЧһֱܵ|(zh)

еČW߀̽ӑԭ?q)¸Ŀܣ繫?w)ˆTн̫ĿǰšˆTYˮƽ^ͬОʢдijN“(lin)ϵ@ѱCYCеČWߏĹ(w)ˆTȥھ򸯔ijJD(zhun)ڽ(jng)wĶԪʹùšTЈʧȥ˂y(tng)ΨҪĵλa(chn)ϵʧҲ˷Q顰ZС[14]@ͳɞ鸯ОԴ

3.4 ƸČ

3.4.1 ڽ(jng)I(lng)

Ľ(jng)wƵĺ^ӴοbĽ(jng)(jng)I(lng)ƸĸLh֮ӋҪЈ(jng)wƵƺͰl(f)չʹЈɞYԴҪ÷ʽͨ^(chung)칫ƽЈ(jng)h(hun)(jng)wе©PF(xin)Ĝش(j)(jng)WՓڸЈwϵͨ^rg{(dio)(ji)͌໥gĸеĽ(jng)ݱ؜pٻ[15]ЈҎ(gu)tĽc\УpنTČОˣЈĸڱC(jng)l(f)չļĶpATl(f)Ŀ

ڽ(jng)I(lng)΢^ҪЈ(jng)wƵm(yng)Ј(jng)Ҫ΢^(jng)A(ch)ČĿǰЈ(jng)wķȾҪƣa(chn)(qun)Y(ji)(gu)ҕo(ni)ⲻͬ|(zh)I(y)ԹƽćͰl(f)չh(hun)ӏͬ͵Ľ(jng)wĸpٲֽ(jng)wĿD(zhun)QI(y)(jng)ICƣF(xin)I(y)ƶc҇a(chn)ˮƽm(yng)(jng)Iؓӯ̝ҼsҰl(f)չЈwЈҎ(gu)t׷(jng)Чͨ^⡱ȥ\ͳɞ΢^(jng)A(ch)cͨ^M˳ЈЧʹҙ(qun)ThxЈ_ʹҺ^{(dio)صĽ(jng)šܣʹYԴMę(qun)Ŀ½ųЈȥ@Ӳ׌Ҋ֡cҊ֡oͬ{(dio)(ji)ȴM(jng)sʹĿԱƵ޶ȡ

ڽ(jng)I(lng)^Ҫͨ^ƶȄ(chung)(gu)ⸯƶwϵڼӿNƸƶwCƽͬrCF(xin)к½ƶȵЧ\ҪָǣӿƶȄ(chung)µ˼·mȻSWᳫÿƶȶܴȱҲTl(f)ĿԣƶƶȵͬrҪ]ڌпܳF(xin)ĸN©ܱ@Ŀ(j)µĄaO(sh)ӋĴʩ͌ߡ[16]

ĿǰWhҪƶУ1ŔƶЈ(jng)еҪ֮һͨ^cɞ鸂ƶҎ(gu)t(jng)w(chung)칫_ƽĭh(hun)Ј(jng)Ч\D(zhun)ŔЈȫһNAͨ^һ׷Ҏ(gu)I(y)ŔЈОֹI(y)òֶΡγɉŔTԭ򣬰Ʒɱ(yu)ݡҎ(gu)ģ(jng)ҪԭƶϵϵKƶS̺YԴҪMijЩ؅^(q)ijЩИI(y)Јȡ(jng)ؙ(qun)c(yu)S؅^(q)I(y)cƽǼmИI(y)֮Lα֮g(sh)Ƶ؅^(q)cИI(y)ŔƽȸȿԴMɢ֕Ƚ׳ɱ2ɢCһuCƣuʽ^̹_(chung)՚w繫_uЃʹó܇(zh)MSCa(chn)(jng)ISCcĿca(chn)SY񡢇еخa(chn)ռÙ(qun);oYȵ
Ͷ˙CƣИͶ˵ķʽа̽O(sh)Ŀُͷخa(chn)_l(f)ĿŽ^VTؿ۵ȌoՓD(zhun)͕rڌĸS(qun)ԇcķ͇I(y)a(chn)(qun)ؽM߀Ǹĸɺ󌦇Юa(chn)(qun)Ľף횹_Ј𲽷ŗʽȡنTa(chn)(qun)׵Ķr(qun)
ǽȫҪЈcI(y)a(chn)(qun)ЈԌF(xin)(jng)صÓ^[18]

3.4.2 I(lng)

ҪMwƸĸӿD(zhun)׃šܡЈ(jng)µšD(zhun)׃ǜpОĸʩ_šܷʹĽ(jng)š܏΢^{(dio)^{(dio)D(zhun)׃{(dio)ֶ(yng)l(f)׃ܶنTԙ(qun)\˽ʹF(xin)õЧ
ƶȄ(chung)ž˼·l(f)]ƶȵıO(jin)sͬrӿP(gun)ƶȺʹʩij_Ӵ󸯔Ĵȡ

1ƙ(qun)O(jin)ƼsCҎ(gu)ͼsšˆT(qun)ʹ

еıO(jin)wӏɱO(jin)CP(gun)˾CP(gun)ĵλͽȫķɺͷҎ(gu)ʹنTQ(mo)ȻȡОڬF(xin)AҪͨ^ӿưʺͼӴܑͳɱ@Ǯǰ΄¶ƺıȻxĿǰُSɷij_̷͡ӆЇƷɷشMչ

O(jin)eϵy(tng)ĄͱoȺeО飬O(jin)CӆTU󰸼Դ
M_„P(gun)(c̎xһ)

Գְl(f)]„ݛՓ
O(jin)Խb۵ƶȺO(jin)ƶȣO(jin)Ч

ԡh(ni)O(jin)l͡h(ni)o̎֗lij_C؄eP(gun)hҪI(lng)ɲšxκ؟׷ƶȵȵĽ^m(x)ƺ䌍h(ni)O(jin)Ŀǰмoίеĸ߼ѲҕTƶԼҙCP(gun)vozO(jin)C(gu)Mнy(tng)һԇcMһl(f)]ҪıO(jin)á

^m(x)(w)_ƶȣ߹(qun)^̵͸ֹ(qun)ķǹ\ãͬrl(f)]f(xi)O(jin)FMO(jin)͹˱O(jin)ʽƶ_ărֵ䣨MYa(chn)YJȣҎ(gu)_з(qun)ęC(gu)(qun)ӷ(j)
Q߹_ Cij׌P(gun)湫_Ҋ
MQQ߼{뷨ƻƶȻҎ(gu)
_ؔAcH_֧

2ȫй(w)TƶƵŚˆTƶȣ߹(w)TнλCҹ(w)Tɡ

ҪP(gun)ڹ(w)Txáo˵ȵһϵƶȣԇ
ر


ֹš(jng)̺ٛʹ֮m(yng)F(xin)a(chn)ҪنTĹYʹ֮_ƫˮƽͬrDY룬YaN{빤Y(ni)ʹ︣؛Ż
AYŽ^Լw(chung)՞̖ġy
B(yng)ϱUƶҎ(gu)򸯔ܵ׷ĹنTB(yng)ϱUȫȡӏ½߹(w)TĵԣõĹ(w)T|(zh)cƷă(ni)ڼ

3ӿ(qun)O(jin)cƼsƶȵоƶ͌ʩͨ^(qun)ֽƶ(qun)ӵĄӑB(ti)sC(qun)Y(ji)(gu)mֽͺ{(dio)һTһλ΂ؓ؟šܸĞؓ؟һšֹ(qun)^ּĿǰеġ֡ĸԇcoɴ_@һƶȸĸĻ
λƶȣUķӋMI(lng)ɲڵ؅^(q)֮gT֮g؅^(q)cT֮g¼CP(gun)֮gĽ
ؔa(chn)xΌӋƶλҪؓ؟λ(ni)̎⹤λćҹˆTšǰšgԼؔa(chn)xκҲҪP(gun)Tͥؔa(chn)MЇӋY(ji)ҪԹ棻
؟ƶCɱO(jin)wϵљ(qun)؟ЙCؽY(ji)ӏO(jin)ͿƣƼsEÙ(qun)Ȟ^šОʹ(qun)\м{܉

4֑θĸ߉B(ti)ӴنTľCϳɱp丯ĄәC(j)ֽ(jng)WߵоlƵǰľCϳɱԽߣϵĺ|(zh)ϵģl(f)F(xin)͑εĸԽ󣬹نTĿԾԽС^m(x)ִĸ{(dio)ˑB(ti)߹نTĸɱͱl(f)F(xin)ĿԣĶmنTĸA؜pСl(f)l

3.4.3I(lng)

ýwֹеp͸F(xin)ʮҪ@һcѽ(jng)ȡÇHҵһ¹R(j)Ŀǰ(ni)WߵоЇrѽ(jng)F(xin)߀ҪѴ(yng)ҕİl(f)չӿMNGOѴcԒՄеʹýwɞЈ֮ĵNشQ֮ǰe C߈(zh)^|(zh)ԃƶȣЧذl(f)]ąͱO(jin)

ᳫ„ӏ˱ýݛՓO(jin)ýwƸķʽSN¶نT͹šˆTƄӹٷC(gu)M{(dio)߇ҷĹЧͺϷԡγٗaKĹݛՓٸĸa(chn)ķɺҎ(gu)ʹP(gun)C(gu)Ѹٻؑ(yng)l(f)]ýwÌڶƸ

ӏýwõľwʩҪУ1ӏ{(dio)鸯F(xin)ӛߵıoڈF(xin)֮⵽}_
2_Ϣͨͨ^Ҏ(gu)̎@ȡϢҪĕrgޡ܉_ϢN
3ӏýw؟ԺҼsҎ(gu)t„MP(gun)Ӗ

3.4.4˼ĻI(lng)

SƶȽ(jng)WďVڸоI(lng)ˏijҎ(gu)ʽƶȷMз֮÷ʽƶȷ҇ⱬF(xin)оɹҲѽ(jng)F(xin)WdȤҪоʽǡܛ(qun)ʽsҎ(gu)tЇĿǰĬF(xin)ʽƶ؄e˼ĻI(lng)LڴڵRΑB(ti)rֵ^‚LTȣɸF(xin)dӲ^Lh̵ԭӏšˆT˼½CеĄARYa(chn)Aĸ˼𲽸׃Tڵ̎ӹxȺwRλxȷʽƶȣwĿgӏɣγɌڸă(ni)s
نTMЪ얹䱣ă(ni)ڄ
ҪõLȫγɅᳫķՇ

3.4.5ڇH

ӏH(jng)CƵȣӏ}оMϢͨ͜Hķṩƽ_ЇĿǰrڇHӏĺѽ(jng)~|(zh)Բ^c“(lin)χ_l(f)Ӌ“(lin)_չЇO(sh)Ŀ֮2003꺞˴нM﹫sͷHsSЇH_Mһӿӏͬ͸HMTransparency International“(lin)ϵͨ^а񡱺͡VаY(ji)MҲ،MM

4 Y(ji)Փ

(j)PJF(xin)AЇW縯оҪcǣоͻ˂y(tng)оʽ`VWƵоɹͷ
оcڸĶxͷ󲿷оԷǶīIоʽ
оx}һijЩF(xin)I(lng)P(gun)ע^
ȱԭʼYϵռF(xin){(dio)c
(sh)Փע؏đ(yng)ȻQ}^cͽY(ji)ՓsȱH(sh)(j)ֵ֧

ĸоҪ]UоI(lng)Mһоx}ӿ쌦ijЩl(f)lʸӰ푴^P(gun)עI(lng)罨µȵĸоČcc󱊂ýͷMڷеĸcȽǶоȡHЧijɹ
׃оʽ^چһĠrC\{(dio)ооīIоȷ
?q)HͬF(xin)עصһֲϵռcоЌCı
P(gun)עHMWߵĸоrՓӑB(ti)P(gun)ߵȣӏcH͸MTI(jng)cl(f)չMOECDȵĽf(xi)̽ӑ

עጣ

ٱĵĽy(tng)Ӌ²ӛBcLI(lng)vԒWg(sh)ӑՓCWg(sh)ӛuSPț]Їʽ
ͷc}P(gun)ϵָcη(wn)ĸ_ţwƸĸͽ(jng)wƸĸ_l(f)l(f)չش^}֮gP(gun)ϵ
I(y)I(lng)ķָCP(gun)šܲT猏ӋCȯȵķ
ҵĵ؅^(q)ͽ(jng)ҲwЇۣ
ЇI(lng)˷˼Ҫڵëɖ|͸ĸ_ŕrڵСƽ˵˼
ķcwĬF(xin)@һeУ
h(hun)(ji)ľCՓָ֏ĸĶxӰߵȫλMՓ]@ƫصՓ
2003Փֻy(tng)Ӌ7·

ڽy(tng)ӋՓIJоҺ͵؅^(q)(jng)
bڇ(ni)SWīIMеġԷ܇؝MƌWՓϡоҪ鱣Cĵķ֔ڷϛ]вձĶc֮Dz˶cǶ֮֡

۾CָՓďĶӵĽǶȥעⸯͷ]@ƫصČWƃA
y(tng)ӋՓIJоҺ͵؅^(q)(jng)

ԴW

P(gun)~W F(xin) ҇

cx

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