中華人民共和國(guó)物權(quán)法 Property Law of the People’s Republic of China

�。�2007 年 3 月 16日第十屆全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)第五次會(huì)議通過(guò) 2007 年 3月 16 日公布 2007年 10 月 1 日起施行）

　(Adopted at the Fifth Session of the Tenth National People’s Congress on March 16, 2007)

　目 錄 Contents

　第一編 總 則 Part One General Provisions

　第一章 基本原則 Chapter I Basic Principles

　第一條

　為了維護(hù)國(guó)家基本經(jīng)濟(jì)制度，維護(hù)社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序，明確物的歸屬，發(fā)揮物的效用，保護(hù)權(quán)利人的物權(quán)，根據(jù)憲法，制定本法。

　Article 1 This Law is enacted in accordance with the Constitution for the purpose of upholding the basic economic system of the State, maintaining the order of the socialist market economy, defining the attribution of things, giving play to the usefulness of things and protecting the property right of obligees.

　第二條

　因物的歸屬和利用而產(chǎn)生的民事關(guān)系，適用本法。

　Article 2 This Law shall be applicable to civil relationships stemming from attribution and use of things.

　本法所稱物，包括不動(dòng)產(chǎn)和動(dòng)產(chǎn)。法律規(guī)定權(quán)利作為物權(quán)客體的，依照其規(guī)定。

　For the purposes of this Law, things include the immovables and the movables. Where laws stipulate that rights are taken as objects of the property right, the provisions of such laws shall prevail.

　本法所稱物權(quán)，是指權(quán)利人依法對(duì)特定的物享有直接支配和排他的權(quán)利，包括所有權(quán)、用益物權(quán)和擔(dān)保物權(quán)。

　The property right mentioned in this Law means the exclusive right enjoyed by the obligee to directly dominate a given thing according to law, which consists of the right of ownership, the usufruct and the security interest on property.

　第三條

　國(guó)家在社會(huì)主義初級(jí)階段，堅(jiān)持公有制為主體、多種所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)共同發(fā)展的基本經(jīng)濟(jì)制度。

　Article 3 In the primary stage of socialism, the State upholds the basic economic system under which public ownership is dominant and the economic sectors of diverse forms of ownership develop side by side.

　國(guó)家鞏固和發(fā)展公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)，鼓勵(lì)、支持和引導(dǎo)非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。

　The State consolidates and develops the public sectors of the economy, and encourages, supports and guides to the development of the non-public sectors of the economy.

　國(guó)家實(shí)行社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)，保障一切市場(chǎng)主體的平等法律地位和發(fā)展權(quán)利。

　The State maintains a socialist market economy and guarantees the equal legal status and the right to development of all the mainstays of the market.

　第四條

　國(guó)家、集體、私人的物權(quán)和其他權(quán)利人的物權(quán)受法律保護(hù)，任何單位和個(gè)人不得侵犯。

　Article 4 The property right of the State, the collectives, the individual persons and other obligees are protected by law, and no units or individuals shall encroach on it.

　第五條

　物權(quán)的種類和內(nèi)容，由法律規(guī)定。

　Article 5 The categories and contents of the property right shall be stipulated by law.

　第六條

　不動(dòng)產(chǎn)物權(quán)的設(shè)立、變更、轉(zhuǎn)讓和消滅，應(yīng)當(dāng)依照法律規(guī)定登記。動(dòng)產(chǎn)物權(quán)的設(shè)立和轉(zhuǎn)讓，應(yīng)當(dāng)依照法律規(guī)定交付。

　Article 6 The creation, alteration, transfer or extinction of the property right of the immovables shall be registered in accordance with the provisions of law. The property right of the movables shall be created or transferred upon delivery in accordance with the provisions of law.

　第七條

　物權(quán)的取得和行使，應(yīng)當(dāng)遵守法律，尊重社會(huì)公德，不得損害公共利益和他人合法權(quán)益。

　Article 7 The law shall be observed and social ethics shall be respected in acquiring or exercising the property right and public interests and the lawful rights and interests of another person shall not be jeopardized.

　第八條

　其他相關(guān)法律對(duì)物權(quán)另有特別規(guī)定的，依照其規(guī)定。

　Article 8 Where other laws specially provide for the property right otherwise, the provisions there shall prevail.

　第二章 物權(quán)的設(shè)立、變更、轉(zhuǎn)讓和消滅 Chapter II Creation, Alteration, Transfer and Extinction of the Property Right

　第一節(jié) 不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記 Section 1 Registration of the Immovables

　第九條

　不動(dòng)產(chǎn)物權(quán)的設(shè)立、變更、轉(zhuǎn)讓和消滅，經(jīng)依法登記，發(fā)生效力；未經(jīng)登記，不發(fā)生效力，但法律另有規(guī)定的除外。

　Article 9 The creation, alteration, transfer or extinction of the property right shall become valid upon registration according to law; otherwise it shall not become valid, unless otherwise provided for by law.

　依法屬于國(guó)家所有的自然資源，所有權(quán)可以不登記。

　Registration of ownership of all the natural resources which are owned by the State in accordance with law may be dispensed with.

　第十條

　不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記，由不動(dòng)產(chǎn)所在地的登記機(jī)構(gòu)辦理。

　Article 10 Registration of the immovables shall be handled by the registration authority at the place where they are located.

　國(guó)家對(duì)不動(dòng)產(chǎn)實(shí)行統(tǒng)一登記制度。統(tǒng)一登記的范圍、登記機(jī)構(gòu)和登記辦法，由法律、行政法規(guī)規(guī)定。

　The State practices a unified system of registration with respect to the immovables. The scope of unified registration, the registration authority and the measures for registration shall be stipulated by law and administrative regulations.

　第十一條

　當(dāng)事人申請(qǐng)登記，應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)不同登記事項(xiàng)提供權(quán)屬證明和不動(dòng)產(chǎn)界址、面積等必要材料。

　Article 11 To apply for registration, the party concerned shall, on the basis of the different matters for registration, submit the certificate of the attribution of right and the necessary materials on boundary and the area of the immovables, etc.

　第十二條

　登記機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)當(dāng)履行下列職責(zé)：

　Article 12 The registration authority shall perform the following duties:

�。ㄒ唬┎轵�(yàn)申請(qǐng)人提供的權(quán)屬證明和其他必要材料； (1) to examine the certificate of the attribution of right and the other necessary materials submitted by the applicant;

　（二）就有關(guān)登記事項(xiàng)詢問(wèn)申請(qǐng)人； (2) to inquire of the applicant about the matters for registration;

�。ㄈ�）如實(shí)、及時(shí)登記有關(guān)事項(xiàng)； (3) to register the relevant matters truthfully and in a timely manner; and

　（四）法律、行政法規(guī)規(guī)定的其他職責(zé)。

　(4) to perform the other duties provided for by laws and administrative regulations.

　申請(qǐng)登記的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)的有關(guān)情況需要進(jìn)一步證明的，登記機(jī)構(gòu)可以要求申請(qǐng)人補(bǔ)充材料，必要時(shí)可以實(shí)地查看。

　Where further certification of the condition of the immovables, the registration of which is applied for, is needed, the registration authority may require the applicant to supplement the materials and may, when necessary, check them on the spot.

　第十三條

　登記機(jī)構(gòu)不得有下列行為：

　Article 13 The registration authority shall not do any of the following:

�。ㄒ唬┮�求對(duì)不動(dòng)產(chǎn)進(jìn)行評(píng)估； (1) demanding evaluation of the immovables;

�。ǘ�）以年檢等名義進(jìn)行重復(fù)登記； (2) making repeated registration in the name of annual inspection, etc.; or

�。ㄈ�）超出登記職責(zé)范圍的其他行為。

　(3) doing other things beyond the limits of its duty for registration.

　 第十四條

　不動(dòng)產(chǎn)物權(quán)的設(shè)立、變更、轉(zhuǎn)讓和消滅，依照法律規(guī)定應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)怯浀�，自記載于不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記簿時(shí)發(fā)生效力。

　Article 14 Where the creation, alteration, transfer and extinction of the property right of the immovables are required to be registered according to the provisions of law, they shall become valid as of the time when they are entered in the register of the immovables.

　第十五條

　當(dāng)事人之間訂立有關(guān)設(shè)立、變更、轉(zhuǎn)讓和消滅不動(dòng)產(chǎn)物權(quán)的合同，除法律另有規(guī)定或者合同另有約定外，自合同成立時(shí)生效；未辦理物權(quán)登記的，不影響合同效力。

　Article 15 The contract made between the parties concerned on the creation, alteration, transfer or extinction of the property right of the immovables shall become valid as of the time when the contract is concluded, unless otherwise provided for by law or agreed upon in the contract; and where the property right is not registered, it shall not affect the validity of the contract.

　第十六條

　不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記簿是物權(quán)歸屬和內(nèi)容的根據(jù)。不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記簿由登記機(jī)構(gòu)管理。

　Article 16 The register of the immovables provides the basis for the attribution and contents of the property right. The register of the immovables shall be kept by the registration authority.

　第十七條

　不動(dòng)產(chǎn)權(quán)屬證書是權(quán)利人享有該不動(dòng)產(chǎn)物權(quán)的證明。不動(dòng)產(chǎn)權(quán)屬證書記載的事項(xiàng)，應(yīng)當(dāng)與不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記簿一致；記載不一致的，除有證據(jù)證明不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記簿確有錯(cuò)誤外，以不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記簿為準(zhǔn)。

　Article 17 The right attribution certificate of the immovables is the proof that the obligee is entitled to the property right of the said immovables. The items recorded in the right attribution certificate of the immovables shall be consistent with what is recorded in the register of the immovables; and in case of inconsistencies, what is recorded in the register of the immovables shall be taken as the standard unless there is evidence to prove that there are errors in what is recorded in the register of the immovables.

　第十八條

　權(quán)利人、利害關(guān)系人可以申請(qǐng)查詢、復(fù)制登記資料，登記機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)當(dāng)提供。

　Article 18 The obligee or the interested party may apply for consulting and duplicating the registered information, and the registration authority shall provide such materials accordingly.

　第十九條

　權(quán)利人、利害關(guān)系人認(rèn)為不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記簿記載的事項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤的，可以申請(qǐng)更正登記。不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記簿記載的權(quán)利人書面同意更正或者有證據(jù)證明登記確有錯(cuò)誤的，登記機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)當(dāng)予以更正。

　Article 19 Where the obligee or the interested party believes that there are errors in what is recorded in the register of the immovables, he may apply for correction. Where the obligee recorded in the register of the immovables agrees in written form to make corrections or there is evidence to prove that there are definitely errors in the registration, the registration authority shall make corrections accordingly.

　不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記簿記載的權(quán)利人不同意更正的，利害關(guān)系人可以申請(qǐng)異議登記。登記機(jī)構(gòu)予以異議登記的，申請(qǐng)人在異議登記之日起十五日內(nèi)不起訴，異議登記失效。異議登記不當(dāng)，造成權(quán)利人損害的，權(quán)利人可以向申請(qǐng)人請(qǐng)求損害賠償。

　Where the obligee recorded in the register of the immovables disagrees on making corrections, the interested party may apply for the registration of disagreement. Where the registration authority registers the disagreement, the applicant in question fails to file a lawsuit within 15 days from the date the disagreement is registered, such a registration shall become invalid. If damages are caused to the obligee due to inappropriate registration of disagreement, the obligee may request the applicant to make compensation.

　 第二十條

　當(dāng)事人簽訂買賣房屋或者其他不動(dòng)產(chǎn)物權(quán)的協(xié)議，為保障將來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)物權(quán)，按照約定可以向登記機(jī)構(gòu)申請(qǐng)預(yù)告登記。預(yù)告登記后，未經(jīng)預(yù)告登記的權(quán)利人同意，處分該不動(dòng)產(chǎn)的，不發(fā)生物權(quán)效力。

　Article 20 When the party concerned intends to sign an agreement on the purchase or sale of a house or other property right of immovables, he may, in accordance with what is agreed upon, apply to the registration authority in advance for registration, in order to ensure the realization of his property right in future. Where after the registration is made in advance, such immovables are disposed of without the consent of the obligee who is recorded in the registration in advance, the property right of such immovables shall be invalid.

　預(yù)告登記后，債權(quán)消滅或者自能夠進(jìn)行不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記之日起三個(gè)月內(nèi)未申請(qǐng)登記的，預(yù)告登記失效。

　Where after the registration is made in advance, the creditor’s rights extinguish or no application for registration of the immovables is made within three months from the date when such registration can be made, the registration made in advance shall become invalid.

　第二十一條

　當(dāng)事人提供虛假材料申請(qǐng)登記，給他人造成損害的，應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)賠償責(zé)任。

　Article 21 Where the party concerned submits false materials when applying for registration, thus causing damages to another person, he shall be liable for compensation.

　因登記錯(cuò)誤，給他人造成損害的，登記機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)賠償責(zé)任。登記機(jī)構(gòu)賠償后，可以向造成登記錯(cuò)誤的人追償。

　Where damages are caused to another person due to the errors made in registration, the registration authority shall be liable for compensation. After making the compensation, the said authority may have recourse to the person who makes the errors in registration.

　第二十二條

　不動(dòng)產(chǎn)登記費(fèi)按件收取，不得按照不動(dòng)產(chǎn)的面積、體積或者價(jià)款的比例收取。具體收費(fèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)由國(guó)務(wù)院有關(guān)部門會(huì)同價(jià)格主管部門規(guī)定。

　Article 22 Charges for registration of the immovables shall be collected piece by piece and shall not be collected on the basis of the areas or sizes of the immovables or in proportion to the purchase prices. The specific rates for the charges shall be prescribed by relevant department under the State Council together with the department of pricing.

　第二節(jié) 動(dòng)產(chǎn)交付 Section 2 Delivery of the Movables

　第二十三條

　動(dòng)產(chǎn)物權(quán)的設(shè)立和轉(zhuǎn)讓，自交付時(shí)發(fā)生效力，但法律另有規(guī)定的除外。

　Article 23 The creation or transfer of the property right of the movables shall become valid as of the time of their delivery, unless otherwise provided for by law.

　第二十四條

　船舶、航空器和機(jī)動(dòng)車等物權(quán)的設(shè)立、變更、轉(zhuǎn)讓和消滅，未經(jīng)登記，不得對(duì)抗善意第三人。

　Article 24 Before registration, the creation, alteration, transfer or extinction of the property right of the vessels, aircraft, motor vehicles, etc. shall not be used against a bona fide third party.

　第二十五條

　動(dòng)產(chǎn)物權(quán)設(shè)立和轉(zhuǎn)讓前，權(quán)利人已經(jīng)依法占有該動(dòng)產(chǎn)的，物權(quán)自法律行為生效時(shí)發(fā)生效力。

　Article 25 Where an obligee has already possessed the movables according to law prior to the creation or transfer of the property right of such movables, the property right shall become valid as of the time when such legal act becomes effective.

　第二十六條

　動(dòng)產(chǎn)物權(quán)設(shè)立和轉(zhuǎn)讓前，第三人依法占有該動(dòng)產(chǎn)的，負(fù)有交付義務(wù)的人可以通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)讓請(qǐng)求第三人返還原物的權(quán)利代替交付。

　Article 26 Where a third party has taken possession of the movables according to law prior to the creation or transfer of the property right of the said movables, the person who is obligated to deliver the movables may do so, instead, through transferring the right of requesting the third party to return the original movables.

　第二十七條

　動(dòng)產(chǎn)物權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓時(shí)，雙方又約定由出讓人繼續(xù)占有該動(dòng)產(chǎn)的，物權(quán)自該約定生效時(shí)發(fā)生效力。

　Article 27 Where both parties agree that the transferor continues to possess the movables while the property right of such movables is being transferred, the said property right shall be valid as of the time when the said agreement becomes effective.

　第三節(jié) 其他規(guī)定 Section 3 Other Provisions

　 第二十八條

　因人民法院、仲裁委員會(huì)的法律文書或者人民政府的征收決定等，導(dǎo)致物權(quán)設(shè)立、變更、轉(zhuǎn)讓或者消滅的，自法律文書或者人民政府的征收決定等生效時(shí)發(fā)生效力。

　Article 28 Where the property right is created, altered or transferred or extinguishes in accordance with the legal document of a people’s court or an arbitration committee or a decision made by a people’s government on expropriation, etc., such creation, alteration, transfer and extinction shall become valid as of the time when the said document or decision comes into effect.

　第二十九條

　因繼承或者受遺贈(zèng)取得物權(quán)的，自繼承或者受遺贈(zèng)開(kāi)始時(shí)發(fā)生效力。

　Article 29 Where the property right is obtained through inheritance or acceptance of legacy, such property right shall become valid as of the time of inheritance or acceptance of legacy.

　第三十條

　因合法建造、拆除房屋等事實(shí)行為設(shè)立或者消滅物權(quán)的，自事實(shí)行為成就時(shí)發(fā)生效力。

　Article 30 Where the property right is created or extinguishes due to such factual acts as lawful construction and demolition of houses, such property right shall become valid as of the time when the factual acts are achieved.

　第三十一條

　依照本法第二十八條至第三十條規(guī)定享有不動(dòng)產(chǎn)物權(quán)的，處分該物權(quán)時(shí)，依照法律規(guī)定需要辦理登記的，未經(jīng)登記，不發(fā)生物權(quán)效力。

　Article 31 Where a person enjoys the property right over the immovables in accordance with the provisions of Articles 28 through 30 of this Law, and registration is required according to the provisions of laws, when such property right is disposed of, the property right shall be invalid if no registration is made.

　第三章 物權(quán)的保護(hù) Chapter III Protection of the Property Right

　第三十二條

　物權(quán)受到侵害的，權(quán)利人可以通過(guò)和解、調(diào)解、仲裁、訴訟等途徑解決。

　Article 32 Where the property right is encroached on, the obligee may have the matter settled by means of conciliation, mediation, arbitration or litigation.

　第 三十三條

　因物權(quán)的歸屬、內(nèi)容發(fā)生爭(zhēng)議的，利害關(guān)系人可以請(qǐng)求確認(rèn)權(quán)利。

　Article 33 Where a dispute arises over the attribution or contents of the property right, the interested parties may request confirmation of their right.

　第三十四條

　無(wú)權(quán)占有不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)的，權(quán)利人可以請(qǐng)求返還原物。

　Article 34 Where a person takes possession of the immovables or movables without the right to do so, the obligee may request return of the original immovables or movables.

　第三十五條

　妨害物權(quán)或者可能妨害物權(quán)的，權(quán)利人可以請(qǐng)求排除妨害或者消除危險(xiǎn)。

　Article 35 Where the property right is impaired or is likely to be impaired, the obligee may request removal of such impairment or elimination of the potential danger.

　第三十六條

　造成不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)毀損的，權(quán)利人可以請(qǐng)求修理、重作、更換或者恢復(fù)原狀。

　Article 36 Where the immovables or movables are damaged or destroyed, the obligee may request repairs, reconstruction or remaking, replacement or restoration to their original state.

　第三十七條

　侵害物權(quán)，造成權(quán)利人損害的，權(quán)利人可以請(qǐng)求損害賠償，也可以請(qǐng)求承擔(dān)其他民事責(zé)任。

　Article 37 Where the infringement of the property right causes damages to an obligee, the obligee may request compensation for the damages and may also request the infringing party to assume other civil liabilities.

　第三十八條

　本章規(guī)定的物權(quán)保護(hù)方式，可以單獨(dú)適用，也可以根據(jù)權(quán)利被侵害的情形合并適用。

　Article 38 The forms for protection of the property right as provided for in this Chapter may be applied separately and may also be applied otherwise, depending on the circumstances of infringement.

　侵害物權(quán)，除承擔(dān)民事責(zé)任外，違反行政管理規(guī)定的，依法承擔(dān)行政責(zé)任；構(gòu)成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責(zé)任。

　Apart from bearing civil liability for infringement on the property right, a person who, in addition, violates the administrative provisions shall bear administrative liability according to law; and if a crime is constituted, he shall be investigated for criminal liability according to law.

　第二編 所有權(quán) Part Two Ownership

　第四章 一般規(guī)定 Chapter IV General Stipulations

　第三十九條

　所有權(quán)人對(duì)自己的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)，依法享有占有、使用、收益和處分的權(quán)利。

　Article 39 Owners of immovables or movables shall be entitled to possess, use, benefit from and dispose of the immovables or movables according to law.

　第四十條

　所有權(quán)人有權(quán)在自己的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)上設(shè)立用益物權(quán)和擔(dān)保物權(quán)。用益物權(quán)人、擔(dān)保物權(quán)人行使權(quán)利，不得損害所有權(quán)人的權(quán)益。

　Article 40 On their own immovables or movables, owners shall have the right to create usufruct and security interest. In exercising their rights, the usufructuaries or guarantors shall not impair the rights and interests of the owners.

　第四十一條

　法律規(guī)定專屬于國(guó)家所有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)和動(dòng)產(chǎn)，任何單位和個(gè)人不能取得所有權(quán)。

　Article 41 No units or individuals shall be allowed to acquire ownership of the immovables and movables which are exclusively owned by the State as are provided for by law.

　第四十二條

　為了公共利益的需要，依照法律規(guī)定的權(quán)限和程序可以征收集體所有的土地和單位、個(gè)人的房屋及其他不動(dòng)產(chǎn)。

　Article 42 For public interests, land owned by the collectives, and the houses and other immovables of units and individuals may be expropriated within the limits of power and in compliance with the procedures provided for by law.

　征收集體所有的土地，應(yīng)當(dāng)依法足額支付土地補(bǔ)償費(fèi)、安置補(bǔ)助費(fèi)、地上附著物和青苗的補(bǔ)償費(fèi)等費(fèi)用，安排被征地農(nóng)民的社會(huì)保障費(fèi)用，保障被征地農(nóng)民的生活，維護(hù)被征地農(nóng)民的合法權(quán)益。

　Where land owned by the collective is expropriated, such fees as compensations for the land expropriated, subsidies for resettlement and compensations for the attachments and the young crops on land shall be paid in full according to law, and the premiums for social insurance of the farmers whose land is expropriated shall be arranged in order to guarantee their daily lives and safeguard their lawful rights and interests.

　征收單位、個(gè)人的房屋及其他不動(dòng)產(chǎn)，應(yīng)當(dāng)依法給予拆遷補(bǔ)償，維護(hù)被征收人的合法權(quán)益；征收個(gè)人住宅的，還應(yīng)當(dāng)保障被征收人的居住條件。

　Where houses and other immovables of units or individuals are expropriated, compensations for their resettlement shall be paid according to law, and their lawful rights and interests shall be protected; and where the housings of individuals are expropriated, their living conditions shall be guaranteed.

　任何單位和個(gè)人不得貪污、挪用、私分、截留、拖欠征收補(bǔ)償費(fèi)等費(fèi)用。

　No units or individuals shall embezzle, misappropriate, privately divide, withhold or default on payment of such fees as the compensations for expropriation.

　第四十三條

　國(guó)家對(duì)耕地實(shí)行特殊保護(hù)，嚴(yán)格限制農(nóng)用地轉(zhuǎn)為建設(shè)用地，控制建設(shè)用地總量。不得違反法律規(guī)定的權(quán)限和程序征收集體所有的土地。

　Article 43 The State provides cultivated land with special protection through strictly restricting the transformation of the farmland into land for construction and keeping under control the total amount of land used for construction. No land owned by the collectives shall be expropriated in violation of the limits of power and in compliance with the procedures as provided for by law.

　第四十四條

　因搶險(xiǎn)、救災(zāi)等緊急需要，依照法律規(guī)定的權(quán)限和程序可以征用單位、個(gè)人的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)。被征用的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)使用后，應(yīng)當(dāng)返還被征用人。單位、個(gè)人的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)被征用或者征用后毀損、滅失的，應(yīng)當(dāng)給予補(bǔ)償。

　Article 44 In order to meet such urgent needs as rushing to rescue or providing disaster relief, the immovables or movables of units or individuals may be requisitioned within the limits of power and in compliance with the procedures as provided for by law. After the use of the requisitioned immovables or movables, they shall be returned to the units or individuals whose immovables or movables are

　requisitioned. Where the immovables or movables of units or individuals are requisitioned or if they are damaged or lost thereafter, compensations shall be made therefor.

　第五章 國(guó)家所有權(quán)和集體所有權(quán)、私人所有權(quán) Chapter V Ownership of the State, the Collective and the Individual Person

　第四十五條

　法律規(guī)定屬于國(guó)家所有的財(cái)產(chǎn)，屬于國(guó)家所有即全民所有。

　Article 45 The property owned by the State as is provided for by law belongs to the State, that is, the entire people.

　國(guó)有財(cái)產(chǎn)由國(guó)務(wù)院代表國(guó)家行使所有權(quán)；法律另有規(guī)定的，依照其規(guī)定。

　The State Council shall exercise ownership of State-owned property on behalf of the State; and where laws provide for otherwise, the provisions there shall prevail.

　第四十六條

　礦藏、水流、海域?qū)儆趪?guó)家所有。

　Article 46 All mineral resources, waters and sea areas belong to the State.

　第四十七條

　城市的土地，屬于國(guó)家所有。法律規(guī)定屬于國(guó)家所有的農(nóng)村和城市郊區(qū)的土地，屬于國(guó)家所有。

　Article 47 Land in the cities belongs to the State. Land in the rural and suburban areas which belongs to the State as is provided for by law is owned by the State.

　第 四十八條

　森林、山嶺、草原、荒地、灘涂等自然資源，屬于國(guó)家所有，但法律規(guī)定屬于集體所有的除外。

　Article 48 Such natural resources as forests, mountains, grasslands, wasteland and tidal flats belong to the State, except where they belong to the collectives as is provided for by law.

　第四十九條

　法律規(guī)定屬于國(guó)家所有的野生動(dòng)植物資源，屬于國(guó)家所有。

　Article 49 All resources of the wildlife that belong to the State, as is provided for by law, are owned by the State.

　第五十條

　無(wú)線電頻譜資源屬于國(guó)家所有。

　Article 50 All resources of radio-frequency spectrum belong to the State.

　第五十一條

　法律規(guī)定屬于國(guó)家所有的文物，屬于國(guó)家所有。

　Article 51 All cultural relics that belong to the State, as is provided for by law, are owned by the State.

　第五十二條

　國(guó)防資產(chǎn)屬于國(guó)家所有。

　Article 52 All assets for national defense belong to the State.

　鐵路、公路、電力設(shè)施、電信設(shè)施和油氣管道等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，依照法律規(guī)定為國(guó)家所有的，屬于國(guó)家所有。

　All infrastructures such as railways, highways, power facilities, telecommunications facilities and oil and gas pipelines that belong to the State in accordance with the provisions of law are owned by the State.

　第五十三條

　國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)對(duì)其直接支配的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)和動(dòng)產(chǎn)，享有占有、使用以及依照法律和國(guó)務(wù)院的有關(guān)規(guī)定處分的權(quán)利。

　Article 53 Government departments are entitled to possess and use the immovables and movables directly under their control and to dispose of them in accordance with laws and the relevant regulations of the State Council.

　第五十四條

　國(guó)家舉辦的事業(yè)單位對(duì)其直接支配的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)和動(dòng)產(chǎn)，享有占有、使用以及依照法律和國(guó)務(wù)院的有關(guān)規(guī)定收益、處分的權(quán)利。

　Article 54 Institutions sponsored by the State shall have the right to possess and use the immovables and movables directly under their control and to benefit from and dispose of them in accordance with laws and the relevant regulations of the State Council.

　第五十五條

　國(guó)家出資的企業(yè)，由國(guó)務(wù)院、地方人民政府依照法律、行政法規(guī)規(guī)定分別代表國(guó)家履行出資人職責(zé)，享有出資人權(quán)益。

　Article 55 With respect to enterprises invested by the State, the State Council or the local people’s governments shall, in accordance with the provisions of laws and administrative regulations, perform the duties of the investors on behalf of the State and enjoy the rights and interests of the investors.

　第五十六條

　國(guó)家所有的財(cái)產(chǎn)受法律保護(hù)，禁止任何單位和個(gè)人侵占、哄搶、私分、截留、破壞。

　Article 56 The property owned by the State shall be protected by law, and illegal possession, looting, privately dividing, withholding or destruction of such property by any units or individuals shall be prohibited.

　第五十七條

　履行國(guó)有財(cái)產(chǎn)管理、監(jiān)督職責(zé)的機(jī)構(gòu)及其工作人員，應(yīng)當(dāng)依法加強(qiáng)對(duì)國(guó)有財(cái)產(chǎn)的管理、監(jiān)督，促進(jìn)國(guó)有財(cái)產(chǎn)保值增值，防止國(guó)有財(cái)產(chǎn)損失；濫用職權(quán)，玩忽職守，造成國(guó)有財(cái)產(chǎn)損失的，應(yīng)當(dāng)依法承擔(dān)法律責(zé)任。

　Article 57 The authority performing the duties of administration and supervision over State-owned property and its staff members shall, according to law, exercise vigorous administration and supervision over State-owned property, promote the preservation and increase of the value of such property, and prevent its loss; and where losses are caused to State-owned property due to their abuse of power or dereliction of their duties, they shall bear legal liability according to law.

　違反國(guó)有財(cái)產(chǎn)管理規(guī)定，在企業(yè)改制、合并分立、關(guān)聯(lián)交易等過(guò)程中，低價(jià)轉(zhuǎn)讓、合謀私分、擅自擔(dān)�；蛘咭云渌�方式造成國(guó)有財(cái)產(chǎn)損失的，應(yīng)當(dāng)依法承擔(dān)法律責(zé)任。

　Where, in violation of the provisions governing the management of State-owned property, losses are caused to such property due to transferring it at a low price, privately dividing it in conspiracy with other persons, creating security on it without authorization or by other means in the course of enterprise restructuring, merger or division, affiliated transaction, etc., legal liability shall be borne according to law.

　第五十八條

　集體所有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)和動(dòng)產(chǎn)包括：

　Article 58 The immovables and movables owned by the collective include the following:

　（一）法律規(guī)定屬于集體所有的土地和森林、山嶺、草原、荒地、灘涂； (1) the land, forests, mountains, grasslands, wasteland and tidal flats belong to the collective, as is provided for by law;

�。ǘ�）集體所有的建筑物、生產(chǎn)設(shè)施、農(nóng)田水利設(shè)施；

　(2) the buildings, production equipment, water conservancy facilities of farmland that are owned by the collective;

�。ㄈ�）集體所有的教育、科學(xué)、文化、衛(wèi)生、體育等設(shè)施； (3) the educational, scientific, cultural, public health and sports facilities that are owned by the collective; and

�。ㄋ模┘�體所有的其他不動(dòng)產(chǎn)和動(dòng)產(chǎn)。

　(4) other immovables and movables owned by the collective.

　第五十九條

　農(nóng)民集體所有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)和動(dòng)產(chǎn)，屬于本集體成員集體所有。

　Article 59 The immovables and movables collectively owned by the farmers belong to the members of the collective.

　下列事項(xiàng)應(yīng)當(dāng)依照法定程序經(jīng)本集體成員決定：

　The following matters shall be subject to decision by the members of a given collective in accordance with the statutory procedure:

�。ㄒ唬┩恋爻邪�方案以及將土地發(fā)包給本集體以外的單位或者個(gè)人承包； (1) plans for contracting of land, and subcontracting of land to other units or to individuals other than those belonging to the collective;

　（二）個(gè)別土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)人之間承包地的調(diào)整； (2) adjustment to be made to the contracted land by the individual persons among themselves who have the right to land contractual management;

　（三）土地補(bǔ)償費(fèi)等費(fèi)用的使用、分配辦法； (3) methods for the use and distribution of such fees as compensations paid for land;

�。ㄋ模┘�體出資的企業(yè)的所有權(quán)變動(dòng)等事項(xiàng)； (4) such matters as change in ownership of the enterprises invested by the collective; and

　（五）法律規(guī)定的其他事項(xiàng)。

　(5) other matters as provided for by law.

　第六十條

　對(duì)于集體所有的土地和森林、山嶺、草原、荒地、灘涂等，依照下列規(guī)定行使所有權(quán)：

　Article 60 With respect to the land, forests, mountains, grasslands, wasteland, tidal flats, etc. owned by the collective, the right of their ownership shall be exercised in accordance with the following provisions:

�。ㄒ唬�屬于村農(nóng)民集體所有的，由村集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織或者村民委員會(huì)代表集體行使所有權(quán)； (1) For those owned by the collective of farmers of a village, the collective economic organization of the village or the villagers’ committee shall exercise the right of ownership on behalf of the collective;

�。ǘ�）分別屬于村內(nèi)兩個(gè)以上農(nóng)民集體所有的，由村內(nèi)各該集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織或者村民小組代表集體行使所有權(quán)；

　(2) For those respectively owned by two or more collectives of farmers within a village, the collective economic organizations or villagers’ teams concerned within the village shall exercise the right of ownership on behalf of the collectives; and

�。ㄈ�）屬于鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)農(nóng)民集體所有的，由鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織代表集體行使所有權(quán)。

　(3) For those owned by the collective of farmers of a town or township, the collective economic organization of the town or township shall exercise the right of ownership on behalf of the collective.

　第六十一條

　城鎮(zhèn)集體所有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)和動(dòng)產(chǎn)，依照法律、行政法規(guī)的規(guī)定由本集體享有占有、使用、收益和處分的權(quán)利。

　Article 61 With respect to the immovables and movables owned by a collective of a town or township, the said collective shall, in accordance with the provisions of laws and administrative regulations, have the right to possess, use, benefit from and dispose of such immovables and movables.

　第六十二條

　集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織或者村民委員會(huì)、村民小組應(yīng)當(dāng)依照法律、行政法規(guī)以及章程、村規(guī)民約向本集體成員公布集體財(cái)產(chǎn)的狀況。

　Article 62 The collective economic organization or the villagers’ committee or team shall, in accordance with laws and administrative regulations as well as the articles of association, village rules and farmers’ agreements, make the position of the collective property known to the members of the collective.

　第六十三條

　集體所有的財(cái)產(chǎn)受法律保護(hù)，禁止任何單位和個(gè)人侵占、哄搶、私分、破壞。

　Article 63 The property owned by the collective shall be protected by law, and illegal possession, looting, privately sharing, and destruction of such property by any units or individuals shall be prohibited.

　集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織、村民委員會(huì)或者其負(fù)責(zé)人作出的決定侵害集體成員合法權(quán)益的，受侵害的集體成員可以請(qǐng)求人民法院予以撤銷。

　Where a decision made by a collective economic organization, or villagers’ committee or by the leading person of the organization or committee encroaches on the lawful rights and interests of the members of the collective, the said members may apply to a people’s court for reversing such decision.

　第六十四條

　私人對(duì)其合法的收入、房屋、生活用品、生產(chǎn)工具、原材料等不動(dòng)產(chǎn)和動(dòng)產(chǎn)享有所有權(quán)。

　Article 64 All individual persons shall be entitled to enjoy ownership of such immovables and movables as their lawful incomes, houses, articles for daily use, tools of production, and raw and semi-finished materials.

　第六十五條

　私人合法的儲(chǔ)蓄、投資及其收益受法律保護(hù)。

　Article 65 The lawful savings and investments of individual persons and the gains derived there from are protected by law.

　國(guó)家依照法律規(guī)定保護(hù)私人的繼承權(quán)及其他合法權(quán)益。

　The State protects, in accordance with the provisions of law, the right of individual persons to inheritance and their other lawful rights and interests.

　第六十六條

　私人的合法財(cái)產(chǎn)受法律保護(hù)，禁止任何單位和個(gè)人侵占、哄搶、破壞。

　Article 66 The lawful property of individual persons is protected by law, and illegal possession, looting and destruction of such property by any units or individuals are prohibited.

　第六十七條

　國(guó)家、集體和私人依法可以出資設(shè)立有限責(zé)任公司、股份有限公司或者其他企業(yè)。國(guó)家、集體和私人所有的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)或者動(dòng)產(chǎn)，投到企業(yè)的，由出資人按照約定或者出資比例享有資產(chǎn)收益、重大決策以及選擇經(jīng)營(yíng)管理者等權(quán)利并履行義務(wù)。

　Article 67 The State, the collective or the individual person may, in accordance with law, invest to establish companies with limited liability, companies limited by shares or other enterprises. Where the immovables or movables owned by the State, the collective or the individual person are invested in enterprises, the investor shall have such rights as receiving benefits derived from the assets, making major decisions and selecting managers, and shall perform it/his duties, in accordance with what is agreed upon or in proportion to the amount of investment.

　第六十八條

　企業(yè)法人對(duì)其不動(dòng)產(chǎn)和動(dòng)產(chǎn)依照法律、行政法規(guī)以及章程享有占有、使用、收益和處分的權(quán)利。

　Article 68 An enterprise legal person has the right to possess, use, benefit from and dispose of his immovables and movables in accordance with laws and administrative regulations as well as the articles of association.

　企業(yè)法人以外的法人，對(duì)其不動(dòng)產(chǎn)和動(dòng)產(chǎn)的權(quán)利，適用有關(guān)法律、行政法規(guī)以及章程的規(guī)定。

　The rights enjoyed by legal persons other than enterprise legal persons with respect to their i...

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