谷氨酰胺合成酶抑制劑對(duì)衰老期煙葉氮代謝的影響
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-08-24 來(lái)源: 感恩親情 點(diǎn)擊:
摘要:通過(guò)質(zhì)外體提取和測(cè)定氮素代謝相關(guān)酶等方法,調(diào)查了不同濃度谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)抑制劑(Glufosinate)對(duì)2個(gè)氮效率烤煙品種氮代謝相關(guān)生理指標(biāo)的影響。結(jié)果表明,GS抑制劑可以有效抑制衰老期間煙葉GS活性,使氮素再同化能力下降,促進(jìn)氮素營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的降解,并誘導(dǎo)谷氨酸脫氫酶(GDH)活性升高和硝酸還原酶(NR)活性下降,使葉片NH4+積累,增大了氨氣揮發(fā)潛力,且隨著GS抑制劑濃度的升高,抑制效果更加明顯。氮低效品種與氮高效品種相比,衰老速度快,葉片NH4+的積累量小,氨氣揮發(fā)潛力大,品種間差異顯著。GS抑制劑可以加速葉片衰老,促進(jìn)氮素降解和再轉(zhuǎn)移。
關(guān)鍵詞:烤煙;氮代謝;氮利用率;谷氨酰胺合成酶抑制劑
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):S572.01文章編號(hào):1007-5119(2014)01-0037-06 DOI:10.13496/j.issn.1007-5119.2014.01.007
The Influence of Glutamine Synthetase Inhibitors on Nitrogen Metabolism of Tobacco Leaves during Senescence Period
WU Yunjie, YANG Tiezhao*, ZHANG Xiaoquan
(Collage of Tobacco, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China)
Abstract: By using the method of apoplast extraction and determination of enzymes related nitrogen metabolism, the influence of Glufosinate (GS) inhibitor concentrations on nitrogen metabolism physiological indices of flue-cured tobacco varieties with two nitrogen use efficiency were studied. The results show that GS inhibitors could inhibit GS activity of tobacco leaf during senescence, reduce the ability of nitrogen assimilation, promote the degradation of nitrogen nutrient, induct the increasing of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity and decreasing of nitrate reductase (NR) activity and promote accumulation of leaf NH4+, increase ammonia volatilization potential. These inhibition effects became more obvious with increasing GS inhibitor concentration. Compared with high nitrogen efficiency varieties, low nitrogen efficiency varieties aged more rapidly and had a lower NH4+ accumulation and ammonia volatilization potential. There was significant difference between varieties. This shows that GS inhibitors can accelerate leaf senescence and promote nitrogen degradation and transfer.
Keywords: flue-cured tobacco; nitrogen metabolism; physiological N utilization efficiency; glutamine synthesis inhibitors
基金項(xiàng)目:中國(guó)煙草總公司重大專(zhuān)項(xiàng)(Ts-01-2011003);中國(guó)煙草總公司項(xiàng)目(110201602008)
作者簡(jiǎn)介:武云杰,男,碩士研究生,研究方向?yàn)闊煵葸z傳育種與品質(zhì)改良。E-mail:wuyunjie6@163.com。*通信作者,E-mal1:yangtiezhao@126.com
收稿日期:2012-04-24
氮是影響煙葉產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)的重要營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素之一,不同品種烤煙具有不同的氮代謝特性[1-2]。煙葉衰老期是碳氮代謝轉(zhuǎn)化的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期,葉片衰老的主要目的是進(jìn)行營(yíng)養(yǎng)的再分解和再轉(zhuǎn)移,氮素再轉(zhuǎn)移速率與葉片衰老程度有關(guān)[3]。谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)是煙株氮代謝關(guān)鍵酶,植物體內(nèi)95%的NH4+首先通過(guò)GS催化合成谷氨酰胺[4-5],GS也是調(diào)控植物和大氣氨氣交流的關(guān)鍵酶,葉片GS活性對(duì)植物葉片NH4+濃度有顯著影響[6],是造成品種間氨氣補(bǔ)償點(diǎn)和氨氣揮發(fā)量差異的決定因素[7-8]。GS抑制劑(Glufosinate,4-[羥基(甲基)膦酰基]-D/L一高丙氨酸)的靶標(biāo)酶是GS[9],其作用是通過(guò)降低GS活性,減少氮素化合物的合成,在植物體內(nèi)傳導(dǎo)能力強(qiáng),半衰期短[10],而且對(duì)哺乳動(dòng)物安全[11]。相關(guān)研究表明,GS抑制劑處理小麥葉片后,葉片氮含量顯著下降,并轉(zhuǎn)移到其他器官[12]。由于烤煙生產(chǎn)是以葉片為收獲目標(biāo)的,衰老期氮素合成量過(guò)大,使煙株生長(zhǎng)過(guò)旺,氮代謝延長(zhǎng),煙葉成熟期推遲,造成煙葉品質(zhì)低劣[13]。生產(chǎn)上通過(guò)減少生育后期的土壤肥力和控制打頂時(shí)間等方法來(lái)控制煙葉衰老速度,但是通過(guò)GS抑制劑控制GS活性來(lái)調(diào)控烤煙葉片氮素代謝的研究未見(jiàn)報(bào)道。本試驗(yàn)選用氮高效品種K326和氮低效品種中煙100為試驗(yàn)材料[14-15],在煙葉衰老期間通過(guò)噴施不同濃度的GS抑制劑,研究烤煙氮素代謝生理指標(biāo)的變化及其品種間差異,為調(diào)控?zé)熑~氮素代謝和指導(dǎo)優(yōu)質(zhì)煙葉生產(chǎn)提供參考。
1材料與方法
1.1試驗(yàn)材料與設(shè)計(jì)
試驗(yàn)于2011年在河南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)科教園區(qū)進(jìn)行(鄭州),采用盆栽培養(yǎng)方法。供試土壤為壤質(zhì)潮土(取自河南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)科教園區(qū)),耕層土壤的基本理化性狀為有機(jī)質(zhì)9.58 g/kg、全氮0.87 g/kg、速效氮64.46 mg/kg、速效磷25.42 mg/kg、速效鉀105.00 mg/kg,pH 7.88。參試烤煙品種為K326和中煙100。5月15日選取生長(zhǎng)一致的壯苗,分別移栽于裝有15 kg土壤的塑料盆中,每盆1株。分別施用分析純NH4NO3、NaH2PO4和K2SO4,N、P、K的用量分別為0.13、0.13、0.39 g/kg,穴施,分移栽時(shí)、移栽后第1周、第2周3次施入,3次施肥量比例為2:1:1。每品種300株,常規(guī)水分管理。每個(gè)品種各選取整齊一致的單株100株,以第11片葉(自下向上數(shù))為試驗(yàn)對(duì)象,在葉齡40 d用濃度0.005%和0.01%的GS抑制劑均勻噴施葉片(第11片葉),以清水處理為對(duì)照,第1次取樣在噴施后6 h,之后在葉齡50 d(即噴施后10 d,以此類(lèi)推)、60 d和70 d(以幼葉長(zhǎng)1 cm,寬0.5 cm時(shí)作為葉齡第1天)取不同濃度GS抑制劑和清水處理的葉片為待測(cè)樣品。各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)測(cè)定重復(fù)3次。
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